Imakethi ye-formic acid ibanzi kakhulu kwaye okwangoku iphawulwa luphando oluqhubekayo malunga nezicelo ezintsha okulindeleke ukuba zincede eli shishini lande ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili phakathi kowama-2021 nowama-2027.
Ngokwengxelo ye-World Health Organisation, ukusetyenziswa kokutya okungakhuselekanga kubangele izifo ezibangelwa kukutya ezizigidi ezingama-600 kunye nokufa okumalunga nama-420,000 kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, i-1.35 yezigidi zezi zifo zikhankanyiweyo yi-CDC zisenokuba zibangelwe yiSalmonella, nto leyo ebangele ukuba abantu abamalunga nama-26,500 balaliswe esibhedlele kunye nokufa kwabantu abangama-420 eMelika.
Xa ucinga ngokufumaneka kwayo yonke indawo kunye nefuthe layo elikhulu, ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okunciphisa ubukho beebhaktheriya kwizilwanyana sisisombululo esisebenzayo kule ngxaki. Kule nkalo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-organic acids ekutyeni kwezilwanyana kunokusebenza njengendlela ephambili yokuthintela iibhaktheriya nokuthintela ukuphinda zifumaneke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Kulapho i-formic acid idlala khona indima.
I-Formic acid ithintela iintsholongwane ekutyeni kwezilwanyana kwaye ithintela ukukhula kwazo kwindlela yokugaya ukutya kweentaka. Ngaphezu koko, le khemikhali ichazwe njenge-arhente yokulwa neentsholongwane esebenzayo kakhulu kwiSalmonella kunye nezinye iintsholongwane.
Uphando oluphambili lunokuvula iindlela ezintsha zoshishino lwe-formic acid kwizicelo zokutya kwezilwanyana
Ngo-Epreli 2021, uphando lubonise ukuba i-sodium-buffered formic acid ingasetyenziswa kwi-pellet kunye ne-mash feeds kwiindawo zokugcina iihagu, abalimi beenkukhu, kunye nabagqibezeli beehagu ukubonelela ngeenyanga ezi-3 ze-acidification eqhubekayo.
Uxinaniso lwale khompawundi lubonise uzinzo olukhulu kwiindlela zokutya ezicoliweyo nezicoliweyo, kwaye ukufakwa kumanqanaba aphezulu kwehlisa i-pH yokutya. Ezi ziphumo zinokunceda abavelisi baqonde ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwe-formic acid kwi-mash kunye ne-pellet feeds kwizicelo zokutya kwezilwanyana.
Ukuthetha ngayo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya i-BASF's Amasil formic acid. Ngokutsho kwenkampani, le mveliso ixhasa ukusebenza okubalulekileyo kwemveliso yezilwanyana ngokuphucula ucoceko lokutya, okunokunceda abavelisi bamaqanda neenkukhu ukuba bavelise isivuno esifanelekileyo.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kokutya kwezilwanyana kusabonakala kakhulu kulo lonke eli shishini, i-formic acid ikwangena nakwamanye amashishini - amanye awo aquka amashishini athengisa amayeza, esikhumba, elaphu, eerabha kunye namaphepha.
Ngokophando lwakutshanje, i-85% ye-formic acid ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo, engabizi kakhulu, kwaye iyindlela esebenzayo yokunyanga ii-warts eziqhelekileyo ngokuthobela okuphezulu kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kwenani lee-common warts kwihlabathi liphela kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwe-formic acid kumayeza ukunyanga ezi meko. Ii-common warts zichaphazela phantse i-10% yabemi behlabathi, apho ukuxhaphaka kwe-10 ukuya kwi-20% kubantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo, ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje ka-2022 yiZiko leSizwe loLwazi lweBiotechnology. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiiprosesa zenyama kunye nezigulana ezicinezelweyo ngamajoni omzimba.
Kwicandelo lempahla, i-formic acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukususa igesi ye-nitrous acid, iidayi ezingathathi cala kunye needayi ze-weak acid kwinkqubo ye-Tyco's sub-micron sodium nitrate. Le compound yaziwa ngokuphucula izinga lokusebenza kweedayi kwiinkqubo ze-chromium mordant. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-formic acid endaweni ye-sulfuric acid ekudayini kunokuthintela ukuwohloka kwe-cellulose, kuba i-acidity iphakathi, sisixhobo esincedisayo esilungileyo.
Kwishishini lerabha, i-formic acid ifanelekile ekujiyiseni i-latex yendalo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezininzi, kuquka:
Ezi nzuzo zenza le compound ibe yenye yezona zinto zilungileyo zokuqina irabha yerabha yendalo kwimveliso yerabha eyomileyo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukujiya kwerabha yerabha yendalo kusetyenziswa uxinaniso olufanelekileyo lwe-formic acid kunye nendlela ecetyiswayo kunokuvelisa irabha eyomileyo esemgangathweni olungileyo enombala ofanelekileyo ofunekayo kubavelisi kunye nabasasazi.
Imfuno ekhulayo yerabha yelatex yokwandisa imveliso yeeglavu, iikepusi zokubhukuda, itshungama yokutshiza kunye nezinye iimveliso inokuchaphazela ukuthengiswa kwe-formic acid compound kwihlabathi liphela. Ingasathethwa ke into yokuba, ukukhula kwentengiso yeeglavu ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19 kubonelele ngokunyusa okuhle kwimarike ye-formic acid.
Amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide enetyhefu kwihlabathi liphela ayanda, kwaye ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kuya kwandisa kuphela le mpembelelo yekhabhoni. Ngokwengxelo ye-IEA, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngqo okuvela kwimveliso ephambili yeekhemikhali kubangele i-920 Mt CO2 ngo-2020. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oorhulumente kunye nemibutho ngoku basebenza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuguqula igesi ibe zii-organic acids ezinokusetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Komnye umboniso onjalo, iqela lophando kwiTokyo Institute of Technology eJapan lenze inkqubo ye-photocatalytic enokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide ngoncedo lokukhanya kwelanga kwaye iyiguqule ibe yi-formic acid ngokukhetha malunga nama-90 ekhulwini. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba le nkqubo ikwazile ukubonisa ukukhetha kwe-formic acid engama-80% ukuya kuma-90% kunye ne-4.3% yemveliso ye-quantum.
Nangona ukuveliswa kwe-formic acid kwi-carbon dioxide kubaluleke ngakumbi kwishishini leekhemikhali namhlanje, imithombo iqikelela ukuba i-compound ingabonwa njengemolekyuli yokugcina i-hydrogen esebenzayo kuqoqosho lwe-hydrogen olunokubakho kwixesha elizayo. Enyanisweni, i-formic acid kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zinokubonwa njengolwelo olugcinwayo lwe-carbon dioxide olunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiitsheyini zexabiso leekhemikhali ezikhoyo.