Umaleko wangaphandle onamathelayo wefungi kunye neebhaktiriya, obizwa ngokuba yi-"extracellular matrix" okanye i-ECM, unobume obufana nejeli kwaye usebenza njengomaleko okhuselayo kunye neqokobhe. Kodwa ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje kwijenali iScience, oluqhutywe yiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts Amherst ngokubambisana neWorcester Polytechnic Institute, i-ECM yezinye iintsholongwane yenza ijeli kuphela xa kukho i-oxalic acid okanye ezinye ii-asidi ezilula. Ngenxa yokuba i-ECM idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekuchaseni iintsholongwane ukuya kwiipayipi ezivalekileyo kunye nongcoliseko lwezixhobo zonyango, ukuqonda indlela iintsholongwane ezilawula ngayo iileya zazo zejeli ezinamathelayo kunefuthe elibanzi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

“Bendisoloko ndinomdla kwi-ECMs yeentsholongwane,” utshilo uBarry Goodell, uprofesa we-microbiology kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts eAmherst kunye nombhali ophezulu wephepha. “Abantu badla ngokucinga nge-ECM njengomaleko wangaphandle okhuselayo ongasebenziyo okhusela iintsholongwane. Kodwa ingasebenza njengomjelo wezondlo kunye nee-enzymes ezingaphakathi neziphumayo kwiiseli zeentsholongwane.”
Olu gquma lunemisebenzi eliqela: ukunamathela kwalo kuthetha ukuba iintsholongwane nganye nganye zinokudibana ukuze zenze iikholoni okanye "ii-biofilms", kwaye xa iintsholongwane ezininzi zenza oku, zinokuvala imibhobho okanye zingcolise izixhobo zonyango.
Kodwa iqokobhe kufuneka likwazi ukungena: iintsholongwane ezininzi zikhupha ii-enzymes ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-metabolites nge-ECM, kwizinto ezifuna ukuzitya okanye ukuzisulela (ezifana nomthi obolileyo okanye izicubu zezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo), kwaye emva koko, xa ii-enzymes zigqibile umsebenzi wazo, umsebenzi wokugaya ukutya - ukubuyisela izondlo nge-ECM.
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ECM ayilomaleko nje okhuselayo ongangeniyo; Enyanisweni, njengoko uGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe babonisile, iintsholongwane zibonakala zinamandla okulawula i-viscosity ye-ECM yazo kwaye ngenxa yoko iyakwazi ukungena. Zikwenza njani oku?
Kwifungi, ukukhutshwa kwayo kubonakala ngathi yi-oxalic acid, i-organic acid eqhelekileyo eyenzeka ngokwendalo kwizityalo ezininzi, kwaye, njengoko uGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe bafumanise, iintsholongwane ezininzi zibonakala zisebenzisa i-oxalic acid eziyikhuphayo ukuze zibophe kwiileya zangaphandle zeecarbohydrate. , i-ECM efana nejeli.
Kodwa xa iqela lalijonga kufutshane, lafumanisa ukuba i-oxalic acid ayincedanga nje kuphela ekuveliseni i-ECM, kodwa “yayilawula”: okukhona i-oxalic acid ingaphezulu iintsholongwane ezongezwa kumxube we-carbohydrate-acid, kokukhona i-ECM iba nkulu. Okukhona i-ECM iba nkulu, kokukhona ithintela iimolekyuli ezinkulu ukuba zingangeni okanye ziphume kwi-microbe, ngelixa iimolekyuli ezincinci zihlala zikhululekile ukungena kwi-microbe zivela kwindawo ezikuyo kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Olu phando luyicel’ umngeni indlela isayensi yemveli yokuqonda indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi ezikhutshwa yifungi kunye neebhaktheriya eziphuma ngayo kwezi microorganisms ziye kwindalo esingqongileyo. UGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe bacebisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko ii-microorganisms zinokunyanzeleka ukuba zixhomekeke ngakumbi ekukhutshweni kwee-molecules ezincinci kakhulu ukuhlasela i-matrix okanye izicubu apho i-microorganism ixhomekeke khona ukuze iphile okanye yosulelwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhutshwa kwee-molecules ezincinci kunokudlala indima enkulu kwi-pathogenesis ukuba ii-enzymes ezinkulu azikwazi ukudlula kwi-microbial extracellular matrix.
“Kubonakala ngathi kukho indawo ephakathi,” utshilo uGoodell, “apho iintsholongwane zinokulawula amanqanaba e-asidi ukuze zivumelane nendawo ethile, zigcine ezinye zeemolekyuli ezinkulu, ezifana nee-enzymes, ngelixa zivumela iimolekyuli ezincinci ukuba zidlule ngokulula kwi-ECM. “Ukuguqulwa kwe-ECM nge-oxalic acid kunokuba yindlela iintsholongwane ezizikhusela ngayo kwiintsholongwane kunye nee-antibiotics, kuba uninzi lwala mayeza luqulathe iimolekyuli ezinkulu kakhulu. Yile ndlela yokwenza ngokwezifiso enokuba sisitshixo sokoyisa enye yemiqobo ephambili kunyango lwe-antimicrobial, njengoko ukulawula i-ECM ukuze ikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwee-antibiotics kunye nee-antimicrobial.

“Ukuba singalawula ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-asidi ezincinci ezifana ne-oxalate kwiintsholongwane ezithile, ngoko singalawula nezinto ezingena kwiintsholongwane, nto leyo enokusivumela ukuba sinyange ngcono izifo ezininzi zeentsholongwane,” utshilo uGoodell.
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