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Ngaba uvavanyo olulula lomchamo lunokufumanisa isifo se-Alzheimer esikwinqanaba lokuqala, nto leyo evula indlela yeenkqubo zokuhlola uninzi lwabantu? Uphononongo olutsha lwe-Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ngokuqinisekileyo lubonisa oku. Abaphandi bavavanye iqela elikhulu lezigulana ze-Alzheimer ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo nabantu abasempilweni ababeqhelekile ngokwengqondo ukuze babone umahluko kwii-biomarkers zomchamo.
Bafumanise ukuba i-formic acid kumchamo luphawu olubuthathaka lokuwohloka kwengqondo kwaye lunokubonisa amanqanaba okuqala esifo sika-Alzheimer. Iindlela ezikhoyo zokuxilonga isifo sika-Alzheimer zibiza kakhulu, azilungelelani, kwaye azivumelekanga ukuxilonga rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwezigulane luxilongwa kuphela xa sele kudlule ixesha elide ukuze lufumane unyango olusebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lomchamo olungangenisi, olungabizi kakhulu, noluluncedo lwe-formic acid lunokuba yiloo nto kanye icelwa ngoogqirha ukuze kuhlolwe kwangethuba.
“Isifo sika-Alzheimer sisifo esinganyangekiyo nesingabonakaliyo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokukhula size siqhubeke iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okucacileyo,” batsho ababhali. “Amanqanaba okuqala esi sifo aqala ngaphambi kwenqanaba le-dementia engenakuguqulwa, elilithuba elihle lokungenelela nonyango. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuhlolwe isifo sika-Alzheimer esikwinqanaba lokuqala kubantu abadala.”
Ngoko ke, ukuba ukungenelela kwangoko kubalulekile, kutheni singenazo iinkqubo zokuhlola rhoqo isifo se-Alzheimer esikwinqanaba lokuqala? Ingxaki ikwiindlela zokuxilonga ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ngoku. Ezi ziquka i-positron emission tomography yobuchopho, ebiza kakhulu kwaye ibeka izigulane kwimitha yelanga. Kukwakho novavanyo lwe-biomarker olunokufumanisa i-Alzheimer's, kodwa lufuna ukutsalwa kwegazi okungafunekiyo okanye ukugqojozwa kwe-lumbar ukuze kufunyanwe ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, olunokuthi izigulane zibe ziyirhoxisa.
Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lomchamo alungenisi ntsholongwane kwaye lulula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lube lolona lufanelekileyo ekuhlolweni kwabantu abaninzi. Nangona abaphandi bebekhe bafumanisa ii-biomarkers zomchamo zesifo sika-Alzheimer, akukho nanye efanelekileyo ekufumaneni amanqanaba okuqala esi sifo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ithuba lokufumana unyango lwasekuqaleni lisabonakala.
Abaphandi abasemva kolu phando lutsha ngaphambili bafunde nge-organic compound ebizwa ngokuba yi-formaldehyde njenge-biomarker yomchamo yesifo se-Alzheimer. Nangona kunjalo, kukho indawo yokuphucula ekufumaneni isifo kwangethuba. Kolu phononongo lwamva nje, bagxile kwi-formate, i-formaldehyde metabolite, ukuze babone ukuba isebenza ngcono na njenge-biomarker.
Abantu abangama-574 bathathe inxaxheba kolu phando, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba babengabavolontiya abasempilweni ngokwengqondo okanye babenezinga elahlukileyo lokukhula kwesifo, ukusuka ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo okubangelwa kukubona umntu egula ngokupheleleyo. Abaphandi bahlalutye iisampulu zomchamo negazi ezivela kubathathi-nxaxheba baza benza uvavanyo lwengqondo.
Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba amanqanaba e-urinary formic acid anyuswe kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela esifo se-Alzheimer kwaye anxulumene nokuhla kwengqondo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni, kuquka neqela lokuqala le-subjective cognitive declinitive. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-formic acid ingasebenza njenge-biomarker ebucayi kumanqanaba okuqala esifo se-Alzheimer.
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, xa abaphandi bahlalutya amanqanaba e-urine formate kunye ne-Alzheimer’s blood biomarkers, bafumanise ukuba banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lesifo esidlula kuso isigulana. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyadingeka ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-formic acid.
“I-asidi ye-Urine formic ibonakalise uvakalelo oluhle kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwangethuba kwesifo se-Alzheimer,” batsho ababhali. “Uvavanyo lwe-biomarker yomchamo lwesifo se-Alzheimer lulula kwaye lungabizi kakhulu kwaye kufuneka lufakwe kuvavanyo lwempilo oluqhelekileyo lwabantu abadala.”
UWang, Y. et al. (2022) Uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-urinary formic acid njenge-biomarker entsha enokubakho yesifo se-Alzheimer. Imida kwi-neurobiology yokwaluphala. doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1046066.
Iithegi: ukwaluphala, isifo sika-Alzheimer, ii-biomarkers, igazi, ubuchopho, izifo ezingapheliyo, iikhompawundi, i-dementia, ukuxilongwa, oogqirha, i-formaldehyde, i-neurology, i-positron emission tomography, uphando, i-tomography, i-urinalysis
KwiPittcon 2023 ePhiladelphia, ePennsylvania, senze udliwanondlebe noNjingalwazi uJoseph Wang, ophumelele iRalph N. Adams Prize kwiAnalytical Chemistry kulo nyaka, malunga nokuguquguquka kwetekhnoloji ye-biosensor.
Kolu dliwanondlebe, sixoxa nge-respiratory biopsy kunye nendlela enokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo ngayo ukufunda ii-biomarkers zokufumanisa isifo kwangethuba kunye noMariana Leal, iNkokeli yeQela kwi-Owlstone Medical.
Njengenxalenye yophononongo lwethu lwe-SLAS US 2023, sixoxa ngelebhu yexesha elizayo kunye nokuba inokuba njani noLuigi Da Via, iNkokeli yeQela loPhuhliso loVavanyo lwe-GSK.
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