Eli nqaku liphononongwe ngokweenkqubo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlela yeSayensi X. Abahleli bagxininise ezi mpawu zilandelayo ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuthembeka komxholo:
Umaleko wangaphandle onamathelayo wefungi kunye neebhaktheriya, obizwa ngokuba yi-"extracellular matrix" okanye i-ECM, unobume obufana nejeli kwaye usebenza njengomaleko okhuselayo kunye neqokobhe. Kodwa ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje olupapashwe kwijenali iScience, oluqhutywe yiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts Amherst ngokubambisana neWorcester Polytechnic Institute, i-ECM yezinye iintsholongwane yenza ijeli kuphela xa kukho i-oxalic acid okanye ezinye ii-asidi ezilula. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′); });
Ngenxa yokuba i-ECM idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekunganyangeki kwee-antibiotic ukuya kwiipayipi ezivalekileyo kunye nongcoliseko lwezixhobo zonyango, ukuqonda indlela iintsholongwane ezilawula ngayo iileya zazo zejeli ezinamathelayo kunefuthe elikhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
“Bendisoloko ndinomdla kwi-ECMs yeentsholongwane,” utshilo uBarry Goodell, uprofesa we-microbiology kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts eAmherst kunye nombhali ophezulu wephepha. “Abantu badla ngokucinga nge-ECM njengomaleko wangaphandle okhuselayo ongasebenziyo okhusela iintsholongwane. Kodwa ingasebenza njengomjelo ovumela izondlo kunye nee-enzymes ukuba zingene ziphume kwiiseli zeentsholongwane.”
Olu gquma lunemisebenzi eliqela: ukunamathela kwalo kuthetha ukuba iintsholongwane nganye nganye zinokudibana ukuze zenze iikholoni okanye "ii-biofilms", kwaye xa iintsholongwane ezininzi zenza oku, zinokuvala imibhobho okanye zingcolise izixhobo zonyango.
Kodwa iqokobhe kufuneka likwazi ukungena. Iintsholongwane ezininzi zikhupha ii-enzymes ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye ii-metabolites nge-ECM kwizinto ezifuna ukuzitya okanye ukuzisulela (ezifana nomthi obolileyo okanye izicubu zezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo), kwaye emva koko, xa ii-enzymes zigqiba umsebenzi wazo wokugaya ukutya, zihambisa izondlo nge-ECM. Ikhompawundi ifunxwa emzimbeni. I-extracellular matrix.
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ECM ayisiyo nje umaleko okhuselayo ongangeniyo; Enyanisweni, njengoko kubonisiwe nguGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe, iintsholongwane zibonakala zinamandla okulawula ukunamathela kwe-ECM yazo kwaye ngenxa yoko ziyakwazi ukungena. Zikwenza njani oku? Umfanekiso: B. Goodell
Kwiikhowa, ukukhutshwa kwayo kubonakala ngathi yi-oxalic acid, i-organic acid eqhelekileyo efumaneka ngokwendalo kwizityalo ezininzi. Njengoko uGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe bafumanise, iintsholongwane ezininzi zibonakala zisebenzisa i-oxalic acid eziyikhuphayo ukuze zibophelele kumaleko wangaphandle weecarbohydrate, zenze i-ECM enamathelayo, efana nejeli.
Kodwa xa iqela lalijonga kufutshane, lafumanisa ukuba i-oxalic acid ayincedanga nje kuphela ekuveliseni i-ECM, kodwa “yayilawula”: okukhona i-oxalic acid ingaphezulu iintsholongwane ezongezwa kumxube we-carbohydrate-acid, kokukhona i-ECM iba nkulu. Okukhona i-ECM iba nkulu, kokukhona ithintela iimolekyuli ezinkulu ukuba zingangeni okanye ziphume kwi-microbe, ngelixa iimolekyuli ezincinci zihlala zikhululekile ukungena kwi-microbe zivela kwindawo ezikuyo kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Olu fumaniso luyicel’ umngeni indlela isayensi yemveli yokuqonda indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi ezikhutshwa yifungi kunye neebhaktheriya eziphuma ngayo kwezi microorganisms ziye kwindalo esingqongileyo. UGoodell kunye noogxa bakhe bacebisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko microorganisms zinokuxhomekeka ngakumbi ekukhutshweni kweemolekyuli ezincinci kakhulu ukuhlasela i-matrix okanye izicubu apho i-microorganism ixhomekeke khona ukuze iphile okanye yosulelwe.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhutshwa kweemolekyuli ezincinci kunokudlala indima enkulu kwi-pathogenesis ukuba ii-enzymes ezinkulu azikwazi ukudlula kwi-microbial extracellular matrix.
“Kubonakala ngathi kukho indawo ephakathi,” utshilo uGoodell, “apho iintsholongwane zinokulawula amanqanaba e-asidi ukuze zilungelelane nendawo ethile, zigcine ezinye zeemolekyuli ezinkulu, ezifana nee-enzymes, ngelixa zivumela iimolekyuli ezincinci ukuba zidlule ngokulula kwi-ECM.”
Ukuguqulwa kwe-ECM yi-oxalic acid kunokuba yindlela yokuba iintsholongwane zizikhusele kwi-antimicrobials kunye ne-antibiotics, kuba uninzi lwala mayeza luqulunqwe ziimolekyuli ezinkulu kakhulu. Yile ndlela yokwenza ngokwezifiso enokuba ngundoqo wokoyisa enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kunyango lwe-antimicrobial, njengoko ukulawula i-ECM ukuze ikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwee-antibiotics kunye ne-antimicrobials.
“Ukuba singalawula ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-asidi ezincinci ezifana ne-oxalate kwiintsholongwane ezithile, singalawula nezinto ezingena kwiintsholongwane, nto leyo enokusinceda ukuba sinyange ngcono izifo ezininzi zeentsholongwane,” utshilo uGoodell.
Ulwazi oluthe kratya: Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez et al., Ukusebenzisana kwee-oxalates ne-beta-glucan: iziphumo ze-fungus extracellular matrix kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-metabolite, iScience (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106851
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