Ngokuxhomekeke kwizikhokelo ezingqongqo zomhleli zokukhetha imithombo, siqhagamshela kuphela kumaziko ophando lwezemfundo, amajelo eendaba adumileyo, kwaye, apho akhoyo, nezifundo zonyango eziphononongwa ngoontanga. Nceda uqaphele ukuba amanani akwizibiyeli (1, 2, njl.njl.) ziikhonkco ezinokucofwa kwezi zifundo.
Ulwazi olukumanqaku ethu alujoliswanga ekuthatheni indawo yonxibelelwano lomntu nomntu oqeqeshiweyo kwezempilo kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni njengeengcebiso zonyango.
Eli nqaku lisekelwe kubungqina besayensi, obubhalwe ziingcali kwaye buhlolwe liqela lethu labahleli abaqeqeshiweyo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba amanani akwizibiyeli (1, 2, njl.njl.) amele amakhonkco anokucofwa ukuya kwizifundo zonyango ezihlolwe ngoontanga.
Iqela lethu liquka iingcali zokutya ezibhalisiweyo kunye neengcali zesondlo, abafundisi bezempilo abaqinisekisiweyo, kunye neengcali zokomeleza nokulungisa umzimba eziqinisekisiweyo, abaqeqeshi bomntu kunye neengcali zomthambo wokulungisa. Injongo yeqela lethu ayikokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo kuphela, kodwa kukwakukungakhethi cala nokungakhethi cala.
Ulwazi olukumanqaku ethu alujoliswanga ekuthatheni indawo yonxibelelwano lomntu nomntu oqeqeshiweyo kwezempilo kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni njengeengcebiso zonyango.
Enye yezona zongezo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumayeza nakwizongezo namhlanje yi-magnesium stearate. Enyanisweni, kuya kuba nzima ukufumana izongezo kwimarike namhlanje ezingenazo—nokuba sithetha ngezongezo ze-magnesium, ii-enzymes zokugaya ukutya, okanye esinye isongezo osithandayo—nangona usenokungaliboni igama laso ngokuthe ngqo.
Idla ngokubizwa ngamanye amagama anje nge-“vegetable stearate” okanye i-derivatives efana ne-“stearic acid”, ifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ukongeza ekubeni ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, i-magnesium stearate ikwayenye yezona zithako ziphikisanayo kwihlabathi lezongezo.
Ngandlela thile, oku kufana nengxoxo malunga ne-vitamin B17: ingaba yityhefu okanye lunyango lomhlaza. Ngelishwa kuluntu, iingcali zempilo yendalo, abaphandi beenkampani zezongezelelo, kunye neengcali zonyango badla ngokubonisa ubungqina obuphikisanayo ukuxhasa izimvo zabo, kwaye iinyaniso kunzima kakhulu ukuzifumana.
Kungcono ukuthatha indlela esebenzisekayo kwiingxoxo ezinjalo kwaye ulumke ukuthatha icala kwiimbono ezigqithisileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile: Njengezinye izinto zokuzalisa kunye nee-bulking agents, i-magnesium stearate ayilunganga xa isetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ukuyisebenzisa akunabungozi njengoko abanye besitsho kuba idla ngokufumaneka kuphela xa isetyenziswa kancinci kakhulu.
I-Magnesium stearate yityuwa ye-magnesium ye-stearic acid. Ngokuyintloko, yi-compound equlethe iintlobo ezimbini ze-stearic acid kunye ne-magnesium.
I-Stearic acid yi-asidi enamafutha agcweleyo efumaneka kukutya okuninzi, kuquka amafutha ezilwanyana kunye neeoyile zemifuno. I-cocoa kunye ne-flaxseed zimizekelo yokutya okuqulethe i-asidi ephezulu ye-stearic.
Emva kokuba i-magnesium stearate yahlulwe yaya kwiindawo zayo zomzimba, umxholo wayo wamafutha uphantse ufane nowe-stearic acid. I-magnesium stearate powder isetyenziswa rhoqo njengesongezelelo sokutya, umthombo wokutya kunye nesongezelelo kwizithambiso.
I-Magnesium stearate yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iipilisi kuba ilubricant esebenzayo. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiikhaphu, iipowders, kunye nokutya okuninzi, kuquka iilekese ezininzi, iigummies, imifuno, iziqholo kunye nezithako zokubhaka.
Yaziwa ngokuba yi-"flow agent," inceda ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo yemveliso ngokuthintela izithako ukuba zinganamatheli kwizixhobo zoomatshini. Umxube womgubo ogubungela phantse naliphi na ichiza okanye umxube wezongezo ngomlinganiselo omncinci.
Ingasetyenziswa njenge-emulsifier, i-glue, i-thickener, i-anti-caking agent, i-lubricant, i-release agent kunye ne-defoamer.
Ayiluncedo nje kuphela kwiinjongo zokwenza ngokuvumela ukuhanjiswa okuthe tye kwiimashini ezizivelisayo, kodwa ikwanceda iipilisi ukuba ziginywe kwaye zihambe ngendlela yesisu. I-Magnesium stearate ikwayinto eqhelekileyo enceda ekuphuculeni isiphumo sonyango lwezithako ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo kumayeza kwaye ikhuthaza ukufunxwa nokunyibilikiswa kwamayeza.
Abanye bathi bayakwazi ukuvelisa amayeza okanye izongezo ngaphandle kwezinto ezincedisayo ezifana ne-magnesium stearate, nto leyo ephakamisa umbuzo wokuba kutheni zisetyenziswa xa kukho ezinye iindlela zendalo ezifumanekayo. Kodwa oku kusenokungabi njalo.
Ezinye iimveliso ngoku zenziwe ngeendlela ezizezinye endaweni ye-magnesium stearate kusetyenziswa izinto ezincedisayo zemvelo ezifana ne-ascorbyl palmitate, kodwa senza oku apho kunengqiqo kungekhona kuba sifumene isayensi iphosakele. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela azisoloko zisebenza kuba zineempawu zomzimba ezahlukeneyo.
Okwangoku akucaci ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukutshintshwa kwe-magnesium stearate okanye kuyimfuneko.
I-Magnesium stearate isenokuba ikhuselekile xa isetyenziswa ngobuninzi obufumaneka kwizongezo zokutya kunye nemithombo yokutya. Enyanisweni, nokuba uyazi okanye awuqondi, mhlawumbi ukongeza ii-multivitamins, ioyile yekhokhonathi, amaqanda kunye neentlanzi yonke imihla.
Njengezinye iiminerali ezi-chelated (i-magnesium ascorbate, i-magnesium citrate, njl.njl.), [ayinazo] iziphumo ezimbi kuba yenziwe ngeeminerali kunye nee-acids zokutya (i-vegetable stearic acid enganyangekiyo ngeetyuwa ze-magnesium). Iqulathe iikhompawundi ezizinzileyo nezingathathi cala.
Kwelinye icala, iNational Institutes of Health (NIH) kwingxelo yayo malunga ne-magnesium stearate ilumkisile ukuba i-magnesium engaphezulu inokuthi iphazamise ukudluliselwa kwemisipha kwaye ikhokelele ekubeni buthathaka kunye nokuncipha kwe-reflexes. Nangona oku kunqabile kakhulu, iNational Institutes of Health (NIH) ibika oku:
Amawaka eemeko zosulelo ayenzeka minyaka le, kodwa iimpawu ezinzima azixhaphakanga. Ubuthi obunzima budla ngokuvela emva kokufakwa kwi-intravenous kangangeeyure ezininzi (ngesiqhelo kwi-preeclampsia) kwaye bunokwenzeka emva kokusebenzisa ixesha elide, ingakumbi xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ubuthi obunzima buxeliwe emva kokufakwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa bunqabile kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, le ngxelo ayizange iqinisekise wonke umntu. Ukujonga nje uGoogle kuya kubonisa ukuba i-magnesium stearate inxulunyaniswa nemiphumo emibi emininzi, efana nale:
Ngenxa yokuba ithanda amanzi (“iyawathanda amanzi”), kukho iingxelo zokuba i-magnesium stearate inokucothisa izinga lokunyibilika kwamayeza kunye nezongezo kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Iimpawu zokukhusela ze-magnesium stearate zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla omzimba okufunxa iikhemikhali kunye nezondlo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iyeza okanye izongezo zingabi namsebenzi ukuba umzimba awukwazi ukuzicombulula kakuhle.
Kwelinye icala, uphando olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseMaryland luthi i-magnesium stearate ayichaphazeli ubungakanani beekhemikhali ezikhutshwa yipropranolol hydrochloride, iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye ne-bronchospasm, ngoko ke ijaji lisaphumile okwangoku.
Enyanisweni, abavelisi basebenzisa i-magnesium stearate ukwandisa ukuhambelana kwee-capsules nokukhuthaza ukufunxwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesiyobisi ngokulibazisa ukuqhekeka komxholo ude ufikelele emathunjini.
Ii-T cells, eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ehlasela iintsholongwane, azichaphazeleki ngokuthe ngqo yi-magnesium stearate, kodwa zichaphazeleka yi-stearic acid, isithako esiphambili kwizakhi eziqhelekileyo.
Yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1990 kwijenali i-Immunology, apho olu phononongo lubalulekileyo lubonise indlela iimpendulo zomzimba ezixhomekeke kwi-T ezicinezelwa ngayo xa kukho i-stearic acid yodwa.
Kwisifundo saseJapan esivavanya izinto ezisetyenziswayo, i-magnesium stearate yemifuno ifunyenwe ukuba ngumqalisi wokwenziwa kwe-formaldehyde. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokungoyikisi njengoko kubonakala, njengoko ubungqina bubonisa ukuba i-formaldehyde ifumaneka ngokwemvelo kwiziqhamo ezininzi ezintsha, imifuno kunye neemveliso zezilwanyana, kubandakanya ama-apile, iibhanana, ispinatshi, ikale, inyama yenkomo kwanekofu.
Ukuze ukhululeke, i-magnesium stearate ivelisa inani elincinci le-formaldehyde kuzo zonke izithambisi ezivavanyiweyo: i-0.3 nanograms ngegram ye-magnesium stearate. Xa kuthelekiswa, ukutya amakhowa e-shiitake omileyo kuvelisa ngaphezulu kwe-406 milligrams ye-formaldehyde ngekhilogram nganye etyiwayo.
Ngowama-2011, i-World Health Organisation yapapasha ingxelo echaza indlela iibhetshi ezininzi ze-magnesium stearate ezazingcoliswe ngayo ziikhemikhali ezinokuba yingozi, kuquka i-bisphenol A, i-calcium hydroxide, i-dibenzoylmethane, i-irganox 1010 kunye ne-zeolite (i-sodium aluminium silicate).
Ngenxa yokuba esi sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga, asinakugqiba kwangethuba ukuba abantu abathatha izongezo kunye namayeza kagqirha ane-magnesium stearate kufuneka balumkele ungcoliseko oluyingozi.
Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu zokunganyamezelani emva kokutya iimveliso okanye izongezo ezine-magnesium stearate, ezinokubangela urhudo kunye nokuqaqamba kwamathumbu. Ukuba uneziphumo ezibi kwizongezo, kufuneka ufunde iilebheli zezithako ngononophelo kwaye wenze uphando oluncinci ukuze ufumane iimveliso ezingenziwanga ngezongezo ezidumileyo.
IZiko leSizwe leBiotechnology licebisa ukuba idosi ye-2500 mg ye-magnesium stearate ngekhilogram nganye yobunzima bomzimba ithathwe njengekhuselekileyo. Kumntu omdala onobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-150, oku kulingana neemiligram ezili-170,000 ngosuku.
Xa kujongwa iziphumo ezinobungozi ze-magnesium stearate, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela "ukuxhomekeka kwidosi". Ngamanye amazwi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-intravenous overdose kwizifo ezinzulu, ingozi ye-magnesium stearate iboniswe kuphela kwizifundo zelebhu apho iimpuku zazinyanzelwa ukuba zisebenzise i-overdose kangangokuba akukho mntu emhlabeni onokutya okuninzi kangaka.
Ngo-1980, ijenali iToxicology yabika iziphumo zophando apho iimpuku ezingama-40 zondliwa ukutya okwenziwa ngokwe-semi-synthetic okuqulethe i-0%, 5%, 10%, okanye i-20% ye-magnesium stearate kangangeenyanga ezintathu. Nantsi into ayifumeneyo:
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubungakanani be-stearic acid kunye ne-magnesium stearate esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipilisi buncinci kakhulu. I-Stearic acid idla ngokwenza i-0.5–10% ngobunzima bepilisi, ngelixa i-magnesium stearate idla ngokwenza i-0.25–1.5% ngobunzima bepilisi. Ngoko ke, ipilisi ye-500 mg inokuba ne-25 mg ye-stearic acid kunye ne-5 mg ye-magnesium stearate.
Ukuba nantoni na eninzi kakhulu inokuba yingozi kwaye abantu banokufa ngenxa yokusela amanzi amaninzi, akunjalo? Oku kubalulekile ukukhumbula kuba ukuze i-magnesium stearate yenze umonakalo kumntu, kuya kufuneka bathathe amawaka ee-capsules/tablets ngosuku.