Iminerali yomhlaba esasazeke ngokubanzi, i-α-iron-(III) oxyhydroxide, ifunyenwe ukuba yi-catalyst enokusetyenziswa kwakhona yokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-formic acid. Ikhredithi: UNjingalwazi Kazuhiko Maeda
Ukunciphisa i-CO2 ibe ngamafutha athwalwayo afana ne-formic acid (HCOOH) yindlela elungileyo yokulwa nokunyuka kwamanqanaba e-CO2 emoyeni. Ukunceda kulo msebenzi, iqela lophando kwiTokyo Institute of Technology likhethe iminerali esekwe kwisinyithi efumaneka lula laza layilayisha kwinkxaso ye-alumina ukuze kuphuhliswe i-catalyst enokuguqula i-CO2 ibe yi-HCOOH ngokufanelekileyo, malunga ne-90% yokukhetha!
Iimoto zombane ziyindlela ekhangayo kubantu abaninzi, kwaye isizathu esiphambili kukuba azinazo iigesi ezikhupha ikhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu kwabaninzi kukungabikho kwazo kwindawo ezibaleka kuyo kunye namaxesha okutshaja amade. Kulapho amafutha olwelo afana nepetroli anenzuzo enkulu khona. Ubuninzi bamandla azo buthetha ukuhamba okude kunye nokugcwalisa amafutha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwipetroli okanye idizili ukuya kwenye ipetroli engamanzi kunokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngelixa kugcina iingenelo zepetroli ezingamanzi. Umzekelo, kwiseli yepetroli, i-formic acid inokunika amandla injini ngelixa ikhupha amanzi kunye nekhabhoni diokside. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-formic acid iveliswa ngokunciphisa i-CO2 yomoya ukuya kwi-HCOOH, ke kuphela imveliso eseleyo ngamanzi.
Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-carbon dioxide emoyeni wethu kunye negalelo lawo ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi ngoku ziindaba eziqhelekileyo. Njengoko abaphandi bebezama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula le ngxaki, kwavela isisombululo esisebenzayo—ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide engaphezulu emoyeni ibe ziikhemikhali ezityebileyo ngamandla.
Ukuveliswa kwamafutha afana ne-formic acid (HCOOH) ngokunciphisa i-CO2 elangeni kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu kutshanje kuba le nkqubo ineenzuzo ezimbini: inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 okugqithisileyo kwaye ikwanceda ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwamandla esijongene nawo ngoku. Njengesithwali esibalaseleyo se-hydrogen esinobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, i-HCOOH inokubonelela ngamandla ngokutsha ngelixa ikhupha amanzi kuphela njengemveliso ephumayo.
Ukuze esi sisombululo sinenzuzo sibe yinyani, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa iinkqubo ze-photocatalytic ezinciphisa i-carbon dioxide ngoncedo lokukhanya kwelanga. Le nkqubo ine-substrate efunxa ukukhanya (oko kukuthi, i-photosensitizer) kunye ne-catalyst evumela ukudluliselwa kwee-electron ezininzi ezifunekayo ukunciphisa i-CO2 ukuya kwi-HCOOH. Kwaye ngaloo ndlela yaqala ukukhangela ii-catalysts ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo!
Ukunciphisa i-carbon dioxide nge-photocatalytic kusetyenziswa i-infographics esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ikhredithi: UNjingalwazi Kazuhiko Maeda
Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwazo kunye nokusebenziseka kwakhona okunokwenzeka, ii-catalysts eziqinileyo zithathwa njengezona zibalaseleyo kulo msebenzi, kwaye kule minyaka idlulileyo, amandla okubangela i-cobalt, i-manganese, i-nickel kunye ne-iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) ziye zahlolwa, phakathi kwazo ezi zinto zinezibonelelo ezithile kunezinye iimetali. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwee-catalysts ezisekelwe kwi-iron ezixeliweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zivelisa i-carbon monoxide njengemveliso ephambili, hayi i-HCOOH.
Nangona kunjalo, le ngxaki isonjululwe ngokukhawuleza liqela labaphandi kwiTokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uKazuhiko Maeda. Kuphononongo lwakutshanje olupapashwe kwijenali yeekhemikhali i-Angewandte Chemie, iqela libonise i-catalyst esekwe kwisinyithi exhaswa yi-alumina (Al2O3) isebenzisa i-α-iron(III) oxyhydroxide (α-FeO​​​ OH; geothite). I-catalyst entsha ye-α-FeO​​OH/Al2O3 ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-CO2 ukuya kwi-HCOOH kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona okugqwesileyo. Xa ebuzwa malunga nokukhetha kwabo i-catalyst, uNjingalwazi uMaeda uthe: “Sifuna ukuphonononga izinto ezininzi njenge-catalysts kwiinkqubo zokunciphisa i-CO2. Sifuna i-catalyst eqinileyo esebenzayo, enokuphinda isetyenziswe, engenatyhefu kwaye engabizi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto sikhethe iiminerali zomhlaba ezisasazwe ngokubanzi njenge-goethite kwiimvavanyo zethu.”
Iqela lisebenzise indlela elula yokufunxa ukuze lenze i-catalyst yabo. Emva koko basebenzise izinto ze-Al2O3 ezixhaswa yintsimbi ukunciphisa i-CO2 ngokukhanya kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi xa kukho i-photosensitizer esekwe kwi-ruthenium (Ru), i-electron donor, kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo okunamaza obude obungaphezulu kwama-nanometer angama-400.
Iziphumo ziyakhuthaza kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo yabo kwimveliso ephambili i-HCOOH yayiyi-80–90% kunye ne-quantum yield ye-4.3% (ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo).
Olu phononongo lubonisa i-catalyst eqinileyo esekwe kwisinyithi yokuqala yohlobo lwayo enokuvelisa i-HCOOH xa idibene ne-photosensitizer esebenzayo. Ikwaxoxa ngokubaluleka kwezinto ezifanelekileyo zokuxhasa (i-Al2O3) kunye nefuthe layo kwimpendulo yokunciphisa i-photochemical.
Iingcinga ezivela kolu phando zinokunceda ekuphuhliseni ii-catalysts ezintsha ezingenasinyithi zokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide ukuya kwezinye iikhemikhali eziluncedo. "Uphando lwethu lubonisa ukuba indlela eya kuqoqosho lwamandla aluhlaza ayinzima. Neendlela ezilula zokulungiselela ii-catalyst zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezintle, kwaye kuyaziwa ukuba ii-compounds ezininzi emhlabeni, ukuba zixhaswa zii-compounds ezifana ne-alumina, zingasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ekhethiweyo yokunciphisa i-CO2," uqukumbela uNjingalwazi Maeda.
IiReferensi: "I-Alumina-Supported Alpha-Iron (III) i-Oxyhydroxide njenge-Recyclable Solid Catalyst ye-CO2 Photoreduction phantsi kokukhanya okubonakalayo" nguDaehyeon An, uDkt Shunta Nishioka, uDkt. Shuhei Yasuda, uDkt. Tomoki Kanazawa, uDkt. Yoshinobu Kamakura, uProf Yoshinobu Kamakura, uProf. Kazuhiko Maeda, 12 May 2022, Angewandte Chemie.DOI: 10.1002 / anie.202204948
"Kulapho amafutha olwelo afana nepetroli anenzuzo enkulu khona. Ubuninzi bamandla abo buthetha ukuba bahamba ixesha elide kwaye bakhawuleza bafake amafutha."
Kuthekani ngamanye amanani? Ubuninzi bamandla e-formic acid buthelekiswa njani nepetroli? Njengoko i-athomu enye yekhabhoni kwifomyula yeekhemikhali ikwifomula, andiqinisekanga ukuba ingasondela nakwepetroli.
Ukongeza koko, ivumba liyingozi kakhulu kwaye, njenge-asidi, liyatsha ngaphezu kwepetroli. Ezi azizongxaki zobunjineli ezingenakulungiswa, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba i-formic acid inika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo ekwandiseni uluhlu kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokugcwalisa ibhetri, mhlawumbi ayifanelekanga loo mzamo.
Ukuba bebeceba ukukhupha i-goethite emhlabeni, bekuya kuba ngumsebenzi wokwemba osebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye oko bekuya konakalisa okusingqongileyo.
Basenokukhankanya i-goethite eninzi emhlabeni kuba ndicinga ukuba kuya kufuneka amandla angakumbi ukufumana izinto ezifunekayo kunye nokuziphendula ekwenzeni i-goethite.
Kubalulekile ukujonga umjikelo wobomi bonke benkqubo nokubala iindleko zamandla zayo yonke into. I-NASA ayifumananga nto ifana nokuqaliswa simahla. Abanye kufuneka bakukhumbule oku.
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