Iijini ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela zineendlela ezingaqhelekanga zokubonakalisa ubuchopho babantu abaneengxaki ezithile zemithambo-luvo nezengqondo, kuquka ne-autism, ngokutsho kophando olutsha lwamawaka eesampuli zobuchopho emva kokufa.
Kwi-1,275 yezakhi zofuzo zomzimba eziphandweyo, ezingama-765 (60%) zazibonakala kakhulu okanye ziphantsi engqondweni yabantu abadala abanesinye sezigulo ezintandathu: i-autism, i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, ukudakumba, isifo sika-Alzheimer, okanye isifo sikaParkinson. Ezi ndlela zokubonakalisa ziyahluka ngokwemeko, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba nganye ineempawu zayo "ezahlukileyo," utshilo umphandi okhokelayo uChunyu Liu, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo kunye nesayensi yokuziphatha kwiYunivesithi yezonyango yaseNorthern State eSyracuse, eNew York.
Ngokutsho kukaLiu, ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo zomzimba kunokusebenza njengophawu lokuvuvukala. Oku kusebenza komzimba, ingakumbi esibelekweni, kunxulunyaniswa ne-autism, nangona indlela eyenzeka ngayo ingacacanga.
“Ingcamango yam kukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizifo zobuchopho,” utshilo uLiu. “Ungumdlali omkhulu.”
UChristopher Coe, uprofesa osele ekhulile we-biology psychology kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison, owayengabandakanyekanga kolu phando, uthe akunakwenzeka ukuqonda kolu phando ukuba ukusebenza komzimba kudlala indima ekubangeni nasiphi na isifo okanye isifo ngokwaso. Oku kukhokelele kutshintsho ekusebenzeni komzimba.
ULiu kunye neqela lakhe bahlalutye amanqanaba okubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo zomzimba ezili-1,275 kwiisampulu zobuchopho ze-postmortem ezingama-2,467, kuquka abantu abali-103 abane-autism kunye nolawulo lwe-1,178. Idatha ifunyenwe kwiidathabheyisi ezimbini ze-transcriptome, i-ArrayExpress kunye ne-Gene Expression Omnibus, kunye nakwezinye izifundo ezipapashwe ngaphambili.
Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokubonakaliswa kweejini ezingama-275 kwiingqondo zezigulane ezine-autism lahlukile kwelo likwiqela lolawulo; Iingqondo zezigulane ezine-Alzheimer's zinejini ezingama-638 ezivezwe ngokwahlukeneyo, zilandelwa yi-schizophrenia (220), i-Parkinson's (97), i-bipolar (58), kunye ne-depression (27).
Amanqanaba okubonakalisa ayeguquguquka kakhulu kumadoda ane-autism kunakwabasetyhini abane-autism, kwaye ubuchopho babasetyhini abane-depression bahluke kakhulu kunobamadoda ane-depression. Ezi meko zine eziseleyo azibonisanga mahluko ngokwesini.
Iindlela zokubonakalisa ezinxulunyaniswa ne-autism zikhumbuza ngakumbi ngeengxaki ze-neurological ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Parkinson's kunezinye izifo zengqondo. Ngokwenkcazo, iingxaki ze-neurological kufuneka zibe neempawu zomzimba zobuchopho, ezifana nokulahleka kweempawu ze-dopaminergic neurons kwisifo sikaParkinson. Abaphandi abakayichazi le mpawu ye-autism.
“Oku [kufana] kubonelela nje ngesikhokelo esongezelelweyo ekufuneka sisihlolisise,” utshilo uLiu. “Mhlawumbi ngenye imini siza kuyiqonda ngcono i-pathology.”
Iijini ezimbini, i-CRH kunye ne-TAC1, zazisoloko zitshintshwa kwezi zifo: I-CRH yayincitshisiwe kuzo zonke izifo ngaphandle kwesifo sikaParkinson, kwaye i-TAC1 yayincitshisiwe kuzo zonke izifo ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Zombini iijini zichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-microglia, iiseli zokuzikhusela zobuchopho.
UCoe uthe ukusebenza kwe-microglia okungaqhelekanga “kunokuphazamisa i-neurogenesis eqhelekileyo kunye ne-synaptogenesis,” ngokufanayo kuphazamisa umsebenzi we-neuronal phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Uphononongo luka-2018 lwezicubu zobuchopho emva kokufa lufumanise ukuba ii-genes ezinxulumene ne-astrocytes kunye nomsebenzi we-synaptic zibonakaliswa ngokulinganayo kubantu abane-autism, i-schizophrenia, okanye i-bipolar disorder. Kodwa olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ii-genes ze-microglial zibonakaliswa kakhulu kuphela kwizigulana ezine-autism.
Abantu abasebenzisa kakhulu i-immune gene banokuba "nesifo sokudumba kwemithambo-luvo," utshilo uMichael Benros, inkokheli yophando kunye noprofesa we-biological and precision psychiatry kwiYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen eDenmark, owayengabandakanyekanga kulo msebenzi.
“Kunokuba nomdla ukuzama ukuchonga la maqela angaphantsi anokubakho size siwanike unyango oluthe ngqo,” utshilo uBenroth.
Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba uninzi lotshintsho olubonakalayo kwiisampuli zezicubu zobuchopho belungekho kwiiseti zedatha zeepateni zokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kwiisampuli zegazi ezivela kubantu abanesifo esifanayo. Ukufunyanwa "okungalindelekanga" kubonisa ukubaluleka kokufunda ukulungelelaniswa kwengqondo, utshilo uCynthia Schumann, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo kunye nesayensi yokuziphatha kwi-MIND Institute e-UC Davis, owayengabandakanyekanga kolu phando.
ULiu kunye neqela lakhe bakha iimodeli zeeseli ukuze baqonde ngcono ukuba ukudumba kunegalelo kwisifo sobuchopho.
Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala kwiSpectrum, iwebhusayithi ephambili yophando lwe-autism. Caphula eli nqaku: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407