Kukhuselekile ukucinga ukuba nabani na owasinda kwiklasi yebhayoloji kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo weva ngovavanyo lukaMiller-Urey, oluqinisekisile ingcamango yokuba ikhemistri yobomi inokuba yaqala emoyeni wamandulo woMhlaba. Ngokwenene "ngumbane ebhotileni," iseti yeglasi evaliweyo edibanisa iigesi ezifana ne-methane, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen, kunye namanzi kunye nee-electrodes ezimbini ukubonelela ngentlantsi exelisa ukukhanya kombane esibhakabhakeni ngaphambi kobomi bokuqala. [UMiller] kunye no-[Urey] babonise ukuba ii-amino acids (izakhiwo zeeproteni) zinokulungiswa phantsi kweemeko zangaphambi kobomi.
Kwiminyaka engama-70 ezayo, uMiller-Urey usabalulekile, mhlawumbi ngakumbi njengoko sisasaza iintente zethu esibhakabhakeni size sifumane iimeko ezifana nezoMhlaba wamandulo. Olu hlobo luhlengahlengisiweyo lweMiller-Urey lulinge lesayensi yoluntu lokuhlaziya uvavanyo lwakudala ukuze luhambisane nezi mbono, kwaye mhlawumbi, yonwabele nje into yokuba akukho nto iphantse ibekho kwigaraji yakho enokubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ebomini.
Useto luka[Markus Bindhammer] lufana ngeendlela ezininzi noseto luka[Miller] kunye no[Urey], kodwa umahluko ophambili kukusetyenziswa kweplasma njengomthombo wamandla endaweni yokukhupha umbane ngokulula. [Marcus] akazange achaze isizathu sakhe sokusebenzisa iplasma, ngaphandle kokuba ubushushu beplasma buphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bukwazi ukunyibilikisa i-nitrogen ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, ngaloo ndlela bubonelela ngendawo efunekayo yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Ukukhutshwa kweplasma kulawulwa yi-microcontroller kunye ne-MOSFET ukuthintela ukunyibilika kwee-electrode. Kwakhona, izinto eziluhlaza apha aziyiyo i-methane kunye ne-ammonia, kodwa sisicombululo se-formic acid, kuba uphawu lwe-spectral lwe-formic acid lufunyenwe esibhakabhakeni kwaye kuba lunekhemikhali enomdla enokukhokelela kwimveliso yee-amino acids.
Ngelishwa, nangona izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo zilula kakhulu, ukubala iziphumo kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. [UMarkus] uza kuthumela iisampulu zakhe ukuze zihlalutywe, ngoko ke asazi ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziza kubonisa ntoni okwangoku. Kodwa siyayithanda imeko apha, ebonisa ukuba kwanezona mvavanyo zibalaseleyo zifanelekile ukuphinda-phindwa kuba awusoze wazi ukuba uza kufumana ntoni.
Kwakubonakala ngathi uvavanyo lukaMiller luza kukhokelela ekufumaneni izinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 kamva, ngasekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe, wabonisa ukuba oku akwenzekanga njengoko wayelindele okanye elindele. Sifunde lukhulu endleleni, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku asikuko okwenzekayo kwindalo. Abanye abantu baza kukuxelela ngenye indlela. Jonga izixhobo zabo.
Ndifundise uMiller-Urey kwiiklasi zebhayoloji zasekholejini kangangeminyaka eli-14. Babephambili kancinci kunexesha labo. Sisandula ukufumanisa iimolekyuli ezincinci ezinokwakha iibhloko zokwakha zobomi. Iiproteni zibonakalisiwe ukuba ziyakwazi ukuvelisa i-DNA kunye nezinye iibhloko zokwakha. Kwiminyaka engama-30, siya kwazi uninzi lwembali yemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, de kufike usuku olutsha - ukufunyanwa okutsha.
Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi kunye neenkonzo zethu, uyavuma ngokucacileyo ukuba iikuki zethu zokusebenza, ukusebenza kunye neentengiso zibekwe. Funda ngakumbi