Ngomhla wesi-3 kuCanzibe, ngo-2023, i-EPA ikhuphe umthetho wolawulo lomngcipheko weCandelo 6(a) loMthetho woLawulo lweZinto ezinobuthi (TSCA) obeka imida kwimveliso, ukungenisa, ukucutshungulwa, ukusasazwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesinyibilikisi esisetyenzisiweyo se-dichloromethane kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zabathengi kunye nezorhwebo. Lo ngumthetho wokuqala wolawulo lomngcipheko we-EPA ocetywayo ukusukela oko yapapasha inkcazo yomngcipheko ehlaziyiweyo kunyaka ophelileyo ngokusekelwe kwindlela yayo entsha "yendlela yamakhemikhali" kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ofuna abasebenzi ukuba banganxibi izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE). Ikwabonisa ukwanda okukhulu kwemithetho elawulayo esebenza kwiikhemikhali esele ziphantsi kwemiqathango yolawulo lomngcipheko we-TSCA, nangona loo mida yayingqongqo ngakumbi phantsi kwesakhelo sangaphambili solawulo lomngcipheko lwe-EPA.
I-EPA icebisa ukuthintela imveliso yorhwebo, ukucubungula kunye nokusasazwa kwe-dichloromethane ukuze isetyenziswe ekhaya; ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-dichloromethane kwiindawo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo; ifuna ukuba isicwangciso sokukhusela indawo yokusebenza sekhemikhali (WCPP) siqhubeke sisebenza kwaye sinike ukukhululwa kwexesha elithile lokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo ngokuhambelana neCandelo 6(g) le-TSCA lokusetyenziswa kwe-methylene chloride okunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye neziseko ezibalulekileyo. Abachaphazelekayo banexesha eliya kuthi lifike kuJulayi 3, 2023 ukuba baphawule ngalo mthetho ucetywayo.
Ekucebiseni amanyathelo olawulo lomngcipheko kwi-dichloromethane, i-EPA ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwesi sithako kwizicelo zabathengi, zorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino kufuna amanyathelo olawulo, ikakhulu ukuvalwa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 3 yomthetho ocetywayo. Uninzi lwezi meko zokusetyenziswa ziquka, kodwa aziphelelanga apho, ukusetyenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso yokucoca izinyibilikisi, iipeyinti kunye neengubo (kunye nokuhlamba), ukususa amafutha ngomphunga, izincamathelisi, izitywini, izitywini, amalaphu kunye namalaphu, kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lweemoto. , izithambisi kunye nezithambisi, ukugquma imibhobho, ukubhola ioyile negesi, izinto zokudlala, izixhobo zokudlala nezemidlalo, kunye neemveliso zeplastiki nezerabha. I-EPA ikwagqibe kwelokuba zonke iindlela ezivavanyiweyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-dichloromethane ngabathengi kufuneka zithintelwe.
I-EPA ithi iimfuno zesindululo ziyakwalela ukusetyenziswa okubandakanya malunga nesinye kwisithathu semveliso iyonke yonyaka (ukusetyenziswa kwe-TSCA kunye nokusetyenziswa okungekuko kwe-TSCA) ye-methylene chloride eveliswayo, "ishiya izitokhwe ezaneleyo ezijikelezayo ukubonelela ngomthombo i-EPA ecebisa ukuba iwuvumele." ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo Olu setyenziso lubalulekileyo okanye oluphambili luqhutywa yiCritical Use Exemption okanye i-WCPP.
Xa i-EPA ifumanisa ukuba into ethile inomngcipheko ongafanelekanga wokwenzakalisa impilo yabantu okanye okusingqongileyo kuvavanyo lwayo lomngcipheko, kufuneka icebise iimfuno zolawulo lomngcipheko kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukuze into ingabi naloo mngcipheko. Xa ibeka imida yolawulo lomngcipheko kwikhemikhali, i-EPA kufuneka iqwalasele iziphumo zoqoqosho zalo mthetho, kubandakanya iindleko kunye neenzuzo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nempembelelo yomthetho kuqoqosho, amashishini amancinci, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Kukho ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezoqoqosho.
I-EPA icebisa oku kulandelayo ekuthintelweni kokusetyenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kunye nemihla yokusebenza kwayo:
I-EPA ikwazise iimfuno zezaziso kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi kwiinkampani ezibonelela nge-methylene chloride kubathengi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-dichloromethane ukususa iipeyinti kunye neengubo zokusetyenziswa ngabathengi akubandakanyiwe kolu thintelo, njengoko olu setyenziso sele lugutyungelwe ngumthetho wangoku wolawulo lomngcipheko we-EPA owakhutshwa ngo-2019, obhalwe kwi-40 CFR § 751.101.
Icandelo 6(g) le-TSCA livumela i-EPA ukuba ikhulule ezinye iindlela kwiimfuno zomgaqo wolawulo lomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo okanye okubalulekileyo i-EPA ekubonayo kufumaneka. Ikwavumela ukurhoxiswa ukuba i-EPA igqiba kwelokuba ukuthotyelwa kwesi sidingo kuya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, okanye iziseko ezibalulekileyo. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US icebisa ukuxolelwa kokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kwe-methylene chloride kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
I-WCPP ecetywayo ye-EPA yokusetyenziswa okuvumelekileyo kwe-dichloromethane ibandakanya iimfuno ezipheleleyo zokukhusela abasebenzi ekubeni bachaphazeleke, kubandakanya ukhuseleko lokuphefumla, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PPE, ukujonga umngcipheko, uqeqesho, kunye neendawo ezilawulwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-EPA icebise umda okhoyo wokuvezwa kweekhemikhali (ECEL) kumanqanaba e-methylene chloride emoyeni angaphezu kwe-2 parts per million (ppm) ngokusekelwe kumyinge wexesha eli-8-hour-weighted average (TWA), ophantsi kakhulu kunomda we-OSHA wangoku we-Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) we-dichloromethane oyi-25 ppm. Inqanaba lesenzo elicetywayo liza kuba sisiqingatha sexabiso le-ECEL, eliya kubangela imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo yokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abachaphazeleki kumanqanaba angaphezu kwe-ECEL. I-EPA ikwacebisa ukumisela umda wokuvezwa kwexesha elifutshane (EPA STEL) we-16 ppm kwixesha lesampulu yemizuzu eli-15.
Endaweni yokuvalwa, i-EPA icebisa iimfuno zokukhusela abasebenzi phantsi kweemeko ezilandelayo zokusetyenziswa:
Ukucubungula: Njenge-reagent. Qaphela ukuba i-EPA ivumela olu setyenziso ukuba luqhubeke phantsi kwe-WCPP kuba icinga ukuba isixa esikhulu se-dichloromethane siyaphinda sisetyenziswe kwezi zinto zisetyenziswayo, phantse zonke ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-HFC-32. I-HFC-32 yenye yezinto ezilawulwayo phantsi koMthetho we-American Innovation and Manufacturing Act (AIM Act) ka-2020. I-EPA ilindele ukuba ngokugunyazisa i-HFC-32, olu lawulo aluyi kuthintela imizamo yokutshintshela kwiikhemikhali ezinokubakho zokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso okanye kwezorhwebo ukususa ipeyinti kunye neengubo kwiinqwelo-moya ezibalulekileyo, ezinobuthathaka ekungcoleni kunye nezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya eziphethwe okanye eziqhutywa yiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-US, i-NASA, uKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, kunye ne-Federal Aviation Administration, i-arhente, okanye i-arhente eyenza abakhi kwiindawo, ezilawulwa yi-arhente okanye i-arhente
Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso okanye kwezorhwebo njengesincamathelisi se-acrylic kunye ne-polycarbonate kwizithuthi zomkhosi nezesithuthuthu ezibalulekileyo, kuquka ukuvelisa iibhetri ezikhethekileyo okanye abakhi beearhente.
Abathathi-nxaxheba abenza, abacubungula, abasasaza, okanye abasebenzisa i-methylene chloride kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokusetyenziswa evavanyiweyo yi-EPA banokuba nomdla wokuphawula kwiinkalo ezininzi zalo mthetho ucetywayo wokumisela umzekelo. Amaqela anomdla angacinga ngokufaka isandla kwi-EPA kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
Ukuvavanya Indlela yoLawulo loMngcipheko kwiMiqathango yokusetyenziswa: Abachaphazelekayo banokufuna ukuvavanya ukuba iimfuno zolawulo lomngcipheko ezicetywayo kwimeko nganye yokusetyenziswa ziyahambelana na novavanyo lomngcipheko lwe-EPA lwe-methylene chloride kwimeko nganye yokusetyenziswa kunye ne-EPA. ™ Amandla asemthethweni phantsi kweCandelo 6 le-TSCA. Umzekelo, ukuba i-EPA ifumanisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwesikhumba kwi-methylene chloride phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kubeka umngcipheko ongafanelekanga, kwaye ukuba i-EPA ifuna okungaphezulu kokukhuselwa kwesikhumba ukunciphisa umngcipheko, abachaphazelekayo banokufuna ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kwezo mfuno zongezelelweyo.
Iindleko: I-EPA iqikelela iindleko ezingakumbi zokungavali ezinxulunyaniswa nalo mthetho ucetywayo kwi-$13.2 yezigidi kwiminyaka engama-20 ngexabiso lesaphulelo se-3% kunye ne-$14.5 yezigidi kwiminyaka engama-20 ngexabiso lesaphulelo se-7%. Abachaphazelekayo banokufuna ukuvavanya ukuba ezi ndleko ziqikelelweyo ziyagubungela na zonke iinkalo zokuphumeza umthetho ocetywayo, kuquka iindleko zokuphinda usetyenziswe (ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa) okanye ukuthobela imiqathango ye-WCPP ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo, kuquka ukuthobela i-ECEL 2 ppm.
Iimfuneko zeWCPP: Kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezicetywa yi-EPA zokuthintela, abachaphazelekayo banokuvavanya ukuba banayo na idatha exhasa ukuthotyelwa kwe-WCPP eya kunciphisa ngokwaneleyo ukuvezwa endaweni yokuthintela (ingakumbi kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa apho i-EPA icebisa i-WCPP njengendlela eyintloko, ecetywayo kumgaqo ocetywayo Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela ku- Abachaphazelekayo banokufuna ukuvavanya ukuba kunokwenzeka na kwiimfuno zeWCPP kwaye baqwalasele ukuthotyelwa komgangatho we-OSHA we-methylene chloride.
Ixesha: Abachaphazelekayo banokuqwalasela ukuba ishedyuli yokuvalwa ecetywayo iyasebenza na kwaye ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa ziyafaneleka ukuba ziqwalaselwe ukukhululwa kokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo okulinganiselweyo ngokwemigangatho esemthethweni yokukhululwa kokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo.
Ezinye iindlela: Abachaphazelekayo banokuphawula ngovavanyo lwe-EPA lwezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo endaweni ye-methylene chloride baze babone ukuba kukho ezinye iindlela ezingabizi kwaye zikhuselekileyo zokutshintsha ziye kusetyenziso olungavumelekanga olucetywayo phantsi komthetho.
Amanqanaba Aphantsi: I-EPA icele ngokukodwa izimvo malunga nenani lezakhiwo ezinokungaphumeleli kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko, kwaye iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwe-dichloromethane phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye norhwebo ezichazwe kumthetho ocetywayo. I-EPA ingathanda ukuphawula nokuba amanqanaba aphantsi e-methylene chloride (umz. 0.1% okanye 0.5%) kwiifomyula ezithile zokusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwemizi-mveliso kunye norhwebo kufuneka aqwalaselwe xa kugqityezelwa ukuvalwa, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngawaphi amanqanaba ekufuneka athathwe njengowona mgangatho uphantsi.
Isiqinisekiso noQeqesho: Kwisindululo sayo, i-EPA ichaze ukuba ikwaqwalasele indlela iinkqubo zokuqinisekiswa kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo ezithintela ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwe-methylene chloride kubasebenzisi abaqeqeshweyo nabaneelayisenisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzi bezityalo abathile kuphela abanokuthenga nokusebenzisa i-dichloromethane. Abachaphazelekayo bangathanda ukuphawula ukuba iinkqubo zokuqinisekiswa kunye noqeqesho zingasebenza na ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi njengendlela yolawulo lomngcipheko phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa, kuquka neemeko zokusetyenziswa ezicetywayo yi-EPA.
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