Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseChalmers bacebise indlela entsha nesebenzayo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinyithi kwiibhetri zezithuthi zombane. Le ndlela ifumana i-aluminium eyi-100% kunye ne-lithium eyi-98% kwiibhetri ze-EV ezisetyenzisiweyo. Oku kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-manganese. Le nkqubo ayifuni iikhemikhali ezibizayo okanye eziyingozi kuba abaphandi basebenzise i-oxalic acid, i-asidi ekwafumaneka nakwizityalo.
Okwangoku, akukho mntu ukwazileyo ukufumana iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokwahlula eli nani le-lithium usebenzisa i-oxalic acid kunye nokususa yonke i-aluminium. ULeah Rouquette, umfundi wePhD kwiSebe leKhemistri kunye noBunjineli beKhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseChalmers, uthe ekubeni zonke iibhetri zine-aluminium, kufuneka sikwazi ukuyisusa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa zezinye izinyithi.
KwiLebhu yokuHlaziya iibhetri kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseChalmers, uLeah Rouquette kunye nenkokeli yophando uMartina Petranikova babonise indlela esebenza ngayo le ndlela intsha. Le lebhu yayineebhetri zeemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye kwisiciko somlilo kwakukho izinto ezityumkileyo ezikwimo yomgubo omnyama ocoliweyo onyibilikiswe kulwelo olucacileyo - i-oxalic acid. ULeah Rouquette usebenzisa into ebonakala ngathi yi-blender yasekhitshini ukuxuba ulwelo kunye neempuphu. Nangona kubonakala kulula ngokungathi wenza ikofu, le ndlela ikhethekileyo kwaye iyimpumelelo yesayensi epapashwe kutshanje. Ngokulungisa ubushushu, ugxininiso kunye nexesha, abaphandi baphuhlise iresiphi entsha esebenzisa i-oxalic acid, isithako esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo esikwafumaneka kwizityalo ezifana ne-rhubarb kunye nespinatshi.
Kufuneka ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo kwiikhemikhali ezingaphiliyo zanamhlanje. Ukongeza, enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje kukususwa kwezinto eziseleyo ezifana ne-aluminium. UMartina Petranikova, uNjingalwazi oNcedisayo kwiSebe leKhemistri kunye noBunjineli beKhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseChalmers, uthe yindlela entsha enokubonelela ngezinye iindlela ezintsha kwishishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kwaye incede ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithintela uphuhliso.
Iindlela zokucubungula ezisekelwe kulwelo zibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrometallurgy. Kwi-hydrometallurgy yendabuko, "ukungcola" okuvela kwizinto ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu kuqala kususwa, kwaye emva koko kungasetyenziswa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel kunye ne-manganese. Nangona kusele i-aluminium encinci kunye nobhedu, kufuneka amanqanaba aliqela okucocwa, kwaye inqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo liphumela ekuvuthweni. Kule ndlela intsha, abaphandi batshintshe ukusika kwaye baqala ngokwahlula i-lithium kwi-aluminium. Ngale ndlela, banokunciphisa inkunkuma yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifunekayo ukwenza iibhetri ezintsha.
Kwanesiqingatha sesibini sale nkqubo—ukucoca umxube omnyama—sikhumbuza ukwenziwa kwekofu. Ngelixa i-aluminium kunye ne-lithium zingena kulwelo, ezinye iintsimbi zihlala “kwi-sump.” Inyathelo elilandelayo kule nkqubo kukwahlula i-aluminium kunye ne-lithium.
“Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinyithi zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, sikholelwa ukuba ukuzahlula akuyi kuba nzima. Indlela yethu entsha ivula indlela entsha ethembisayo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri esinazo zonke izikhuthazo zokuyihlola ngakumbi,” utshilo uLeah Rouquette. “Ekubeni le ndlela ingasetyenziswa nakwizinga elikhulu, sinethemba lokuba iya kuba luncedo kushishino kwiminyaka ezayo,” utshilo uMartina Petranikova.
Iqela lophando likaMartina Petranikova belisoloko liqhuba uphando oluphambili malunga nokurisayikilishwa kwesinyithi kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kangangeminyaka emininzi. Eli qela lisebenzisana neenkampani ezibandakanyeka ekurisayikilishweni kweebhetri zezithuthi zombane kwaye liqabane kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zophando nophuhliso ezifana neVolvo Cars kunye neprojekthi yeNybat yaseNorthvolt.
Ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nophando: Inqaku lesayensi elithi “Ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-lithium kwiibhetri zezithuthi zombane ze-lithium-ion: ukumodela kunye nokwenza ngcono kusetyenziswa i-oxalic acid njenge-lixiviant” lipapashwe kwijenali i-Separation and Purification Technology. Olu phononongo lwenziwe nguLeah Rouquette, uMartina Petranikova kunye noNatalia Vieceli abavela kwiSebe leKhemistri kunye noBunjineli beKhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseChalmers. Olu phando luxhaswe yi-Swedish Energy Agency, i-Swedish Battery Base kunye neVinnova, kwaye iimvavanyo zenziwe kusetyenziswa iibhetri zezithuthi zombane zeVolvo Cars ezisetyenzisiweyo ezicutshungulwe yiStena Recycling kunye ne-Akkuser Oy.
Sipapasha amanqaku amaninzi eendwendwe avela kwiingcali kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Le yingxelo yethu yaba bantu bakhethekileyo, imibutho, amaziko kunye neenkampani.
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