Iziphumo zophando olwenziwe liqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseShanghai Jiaotong zibonisa ukuba i-formic acid yi-biomarker yomchamo enokubona isifo se-Alzheimer's kwangethuba (AD). Ezi ziphumo zinokuvula indlela yokuhlolwa kobuninzi okungabizi kwaye kulula. UGqr. Yifan Wang, uGqr. Qihao Guo kunye noogxa bakhe bapapashe inqaku elinesihloko esithi “Uvavanyo oluCwangcisiweyo lwe-Formic Acid kwi-Urine njenge-New Potential Alzheimer's Biomarker” kwiFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience. Kwingxelo yabo, ababhali bagqibe ngelithi: “I-formic acid kumchamo inovakalelo oluhle kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwangethuba isifo se-Alzheimer's… Ukufunyanwa kwee-biomarkers zesifo se-Alzheimer kumchamo kulula kwaye kungabizi kakhulu. Kufuneka ifakwe kuvavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo lwabantu abadala.”
Ababhali bachaza ukuba i-AD, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-dementia, ibonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo kunye nokuziphatha. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-AD ziquka ukuqokelelwa okungaqhelekanga kwe-extracellular amyloid β (Aβ), ukuqokelelwa okungaqhelekanga kwe-neurofibrillary tau tangles, kunye nomonakalo we-synapse. Nangona kunjalo, iqela liqhubekile, "i-pathogenesis ye-AD ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo."
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokungabonwa de kube lixesha lonyango. “Sisifo esinganyangekiyo nesingapheliyo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokukhula size siqhubeke iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okucacileyo,” batsho ababhali. “Amanqanaba okuqala esi sifo aqala ngaphambi kwenqanaba le-dementia engenakuguqulwa, elilithuba elihle lokungenelela nonyango. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuhlolwe isifo sika-Alzheimer esikwinqanaba lokuqala kubantu abadala.”
Nangona iinkqubo zokuhlola ngobuninzi zinceda ekufumaneni isifo kwasekuqaleni, iindlela zangoku zokuxilonga zinzima kakhulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu ekuhlolweni rhoqo. I-Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CET) inokubona iidiphozithi ze-Aβ kwangethuba, kodwa ibiza kakhulu kwaye ibeka izigulane esichengeni sokufumana imitha, ngelixa iimvavanyo ze-biomarker ezinceda ekufumaniseni i-Alzheimer's zifuna ukutsalwa kwegazi okanye ukugqojozwa kwe-lumbar ukuze kufunyanwe ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, olunokuba yinto engathandekiyo kwizigulana.
Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya izigulana ukuze zibone ii-biomarkers ze-AD kumchamo. Uvavanyo lomchamo alungenisi kwaye lulula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lube lolona lufanelekileyo ekuhlolweni kwabantu abaninzi. Kodwa nangona izazinzulu bezikhe zachonga ii-biomarkers ze-AD kumchamo ngaphambili, akukho nanye efanelekileyo ekufumaneni amanqanaba okuqala esi sifo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ithuba lokufumana unyango lwasekuqaleni lisabonakala.
UWang kunye noogxa bakhe bafunde i-formaldehyde njenge-biomarker yomchamo yesifo se-Alzheimer. “Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-formaldehyde metabolism engaqhelekanga iye yabonwa njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala,” batsho. “Uphononongo lwethu lwangaphambili lubike ulwalamano phakathi kwamanqanaba e-formaldehyde yomchamo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-formaldehyde yomchamo yi-biomarker enokubakho ekuxilongweni kwangethuba kwe-AD.”
Nangona kunjalo, kukho indawo yokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-formaldehyde njenge-biomarker yokufumanisa isifo kwangethuba. Kuphononongo lwabo olupapashwe kutshanje, iqela ligxile kwi-formate, i-metabolite ye-formaldehyde, ukuze libone ukuba isebenza ngcono na njenge-biomarker.
Iqela lophando laliquka abantu abangama-574, kuquka izigulana ezinesifo sika-Alzheimer esinobunzima obahlukeneyo, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abalawula impilo ngokwengqondo. Abaphandi bahlalutye iisampulu zomchamo negazi ezivela kubathathi-nxaxheba ukuze bajonge umahluko kwii-biomarkers zomchamo baza benza uvavanyo lwengqondo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bahlulwe baba ngamaqela amahlanu ngokusekelwe ekuxilongweni kwabo: abantu abaqhelekileyo ngokwengqondo (NC) abantu abangama-71, abantu abangaphantsi kwengqondo (SCD) abali-101, abantu abangekho kwimeko yengqondo ebuthathaka (CINM), abantu abangasebenzi kakuhle ngokwengqondo abali-131, abantu abangasebenzi kakuhle ngokwengqondo (MCI) abali-158, kunye nabantu abali-113 abane-BA.
Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba amanqanaba e-urinary formic acid anyuswe kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela esifo se-Alzheimer kwaye anxulumene nokwehla kwengqondo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni, kuquka neqela lokuqala le-subjective cognitive declinitive. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-formic acid inokusebenza njenge-biomarker ebucayi kwinqanaba lokuqala le-AD. “Kolu phononongo, sixela okokuqala ukuba amanqanaba e-urinary formic acid ayatshintsha ngokuncipha kwengqondo,” batsho. “I-urine formic acid ibonakalise ukusebenza okuhlukileyo ekuxilongeni i-AD. Ukongeza, i-urinary formic acid yonyuswe kakhulu kwiqela le-SCD diagnosis, oko kuthetha ukuba i-urinary formic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kwe-AD.”
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, xa abaphandi bahlalutya amanqanaba e-urine formate kunye ne-blood Alzheimer’s biomarkers, bafumanise ukuba banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lesi sifo kwizigulana. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyadingeka ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-formic acid.
Nangona kunjalo, ababhali bagqibe ngelithi: “Amanqanaba omchamo kunye ne-formaldehyde awanakusetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-AD kwi-NC kuphela, kodwa akwaphucula ukuchaneka kokuqikelela kwe-plasma biomarkers kwinqanaba lesifo se-AD.